2 Corinthians, Chapter 12

2 Corinthians 12 What is Paul going to share about in this chapter? vs. 1 Visions and revelations of the LORD. What happened to a man Paul knows 14 years before he wrote this? vs. 2 I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago—whether in the body I do not know, or out of the body I do not know, God knows—such a man was caught up to the third heaven. What does Paul call this place? vs. 4 Paradise. What did this man hear there? vs. 4 He heard inexpressible words, which a man is not permitted to speak. It appears that Paul was speaking of himself because he turns to personal pronouns in explaining the results in his life due to having such revelations. What was given to Paul to keep from exalting himself? vs. 7 Because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations, for this reason, to keep me from exalting myself, there was given me a thorn in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to torment me—to keep me from exalting myself! How many times did Paul ask the Lord to remove this thorn in his flesh? vs. 8 Concerning this I implored the Lord three times that it might leave me. What did the Lord tell Paul that was sufficient for him in dealing with this thorn? vs. 9 “My grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness.” Upon getting this Word from the Lord, what did Paul say he would gladly endure and for what reason? vs. 9 Most gladly, therefore, I will rather boast about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may dwell in me. What will Paul be well content with? vs. 10 - Name 5 things. Therefore I am well content with weaknesses, insults, distresses, persecutions, difficulties. Why is Paul well content to have weakness? vs. 10 For when I am weak, then I am strong. What did Paul perform that showed he was a true apostle of the Lord? vs. 12 Name 3 things. The signs of a true apostle were performed among you with all perseverance, by signs and wonders and miracles. Paul is ready to come to the Corinthians for the third time. What is he determined not to be to them? vs. 14 I will not be a burden to you; for I do not seek what is yours, but you; Paul has sent others to them and none have taken advantage of them. They have not been defending themselves to them, but actually in all they have spoken, they are building them up in Christ (vs.19). What is Paul concerned might still be happening among them? vs. 20 - Name 8 things mentioned. For I am afraid that perhaps when I come I may find you to be not what I wish and may be found by you to be not what you wish; that perhaps there will be strife, jealousy, angry tempers, disputes, slanders, gossip, arrogance, disturbances; Paul is afraid that when he comes he will be humiliated before them and begin to mourn over those who have sinned in the past and have not repented. What are the sins he is so concerned about? vs. 21 - Name 3 things mentioned. I may mourn over many of those who have sinned in the past and not repented of the impurity, immorality and sensuality which they have practiced.   2 Corinthians 13  Paul is coming to them for a third time, and he says every fact must be confirmed by two or three witnesses. He wants those who have sinned and not repented, that he will confront them by Christ who speaks through him. What does He say concerning Jesus who was cruicified because of weakness? vs.4 For indeed He was crucified because of weakness, yet He lives because of the power of God. Although they are weak in Christ, they also have His power directed toward them. He wants to know from those who have not repented of their sins - are they truly in the faith? What does he ask them to do? vs. 5 Test yourselves to see if you are in the faith; examine yourselves! Or do you not recognize this about yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you—unless indeed you fail the test? What does Paul tell them concerning their own faith? vs. 6 But I trust that you will realize that we ourselves do not fail the test. What is Paul praying for these believers? vs. 7 Now we pray to God that you do no wrong; not that we ourselves may appear approved, but that you may do what is right, even though we may appear unapproved. Paul wants the best for the church members, no matter what it may look like on them. What does he know is a fact concerning their own lives? vs. 8-10 For we can do nothing against the truth, but only for the truth.  For we rejoice when we ourselves are weak but you are strong; this we also pray for, that you be made complete.  For this reason I am writing these things while absent, so that when present I need not use severity, in accordance with the authority which the Lord gave me for building up and not for tearing down. In Paul's final words in 2 Corinthians, he gives them final instructions. What does he ask of them? vs. 11 - Name 5 things. rejoice, be made complete, be comforted, be like-minded, live in peace. When these believers do these things, what will be with them? vs. 11 The God of love and peace will be with you. Name the 3 parts of the Trinity and what is given by each one in the final sentence: vs. 14 From Jesus - From God - From the Holy Spirit - The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God, the fellowship of the Holy Spirit. Take time to think through these last 2 chapters and make your summary statements. Offer a prayer to the Lord for all you have learned today. When you think back over the entire book, what will stay with you in your thoughts of all that you have reflected on this read-through?

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2 Corinthians, Chapter 11

2 Corinthians 11 Why was Paul jealous for the Corinthians? vs.1,2 I am jealous for you with a godly jealousy; for I betrothed you to one husband,  Paul puts the matter in the framework of betrothal and marriage. He sees himself as the father of the congregation (1 Cor 4:15), and as their father he has betrothed them to Christ—to one man. He feels a divine jealousy, as any father would, to preserve the purity of the bride for her husband. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (460). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. How does Paul describe our relationship with Christ? vs. 2 for I betrothed you to one husband, so that to Christ I might present you as a pure virgin. What is Paul's fear concerning the Corinthians? vs. 3 But I am afraid that, as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness, your minds will be led astray from the simplicity and purity of devotion to Christ. Read Genesis 3:1-7. How did the serpent (Satan) deceive Eve? With lies and deceitful arguments. How does the enemy deceive our minds concerning our devotion to Christ? vs. 3 Your minds will be led astray from the simplicity and purity of devotion to Christ. The very first human betrothal that between Adam and Eve was vulnerable to the seduction of the serpent, and resulted in disloyalty of thoughts and intentions. Paul is afraid a similar corruption of the mind is in the church, causing disloyalty to Christ. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (462). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Has your mind ever been led astray from these things? Share if you like. What 3 things did Paul state that the Corinthians were being led astray in? vs. 4 preached another Jesus, received a different spirit, accepted a different gospel. Although Paul was not skilled in speech, he was equipped in true knowledge of the Lord and His teachings. He made this evident to them in all things. He had made sure that he took up offerings from other churches to support himself so that he would not have to ask this church for any money to support himself. (vs.5-8 ) Even when he was with them and in need, he did not ask them for help. Who came to meet his needs at that time? vs.9 When I was present with you and was in need, I was not a burden to anyone; for when the brethren came from Macedonia they fully supplied my need, and in everything I kept myself from being a burden to you, and will continue to do so. Paul will continue in the regions of Achaia to boast in this way to show himself a true apostle because there are others who are not true apostles trying to deceive these believers in Corinth. What does he say about these false teachers? - vs. 13 - Name 3 things. For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ. These men disguise themselves as apostles of Christ. Who are they led by? What does he disguise himself as? vs. 14 Satan; disguises himself as an angel of light. What do Satan's servants disguise themselves as? vs. 15 His servants disguise themselves as servants of righteousness. “Ministers of righteousness” are those who live righteously, not those who purport to be righteous or to preach a righteous message. “Ministers of righteousness” remove the veil of hardheartedness and by the Spirit lead God’s new covenant people to be transformed into the image of Christ—to be Christlike (3:12–17). They renounce shameful things and deceitful practices (4:2). They also repudiate all fleshly boasting and boast only in the Lord. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (486). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Jesus also warned us of the false teachers. What did He say about them in Matthew 7:15-23? “Beware of the false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly are ravenous wolves.  You will know them by their fruits. Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter.  Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?  And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness." Mere appearance and listening to the words preached will not be enough for us to discern the true from the false. We need to know them well enough to know the fruit that is produced by their life. Have you ever been under a false teacher? What was the experience like and how did you come to recognize the truth? Paul knows this church is tolerating these false men. What does he say these men actually do to them and they tolerate? vs.20 - Name 5 things enslaves you, devours you, takes advantage of you, exalts himself, hits you in the face Paul says that he must seem 'weak' in comparison to them, and yet, he knows he has been a bold servant of the Lord. Because they are looking at the appearance of the others and have disdain for him, he decides to boast of himself to show them what he has gone through as a true apostle of the Lord. Give the list that he shares with them from vs.22-27 - (it will be a long list!) Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ?—I speak as if insane—I more so; in far more labors, in far more imprisonments, beaten times without number, often in danger of death.  Five times I received from the Jews thirty-nine lashes.  Three times I was beaten with rods, once I was stoned, three times I was shipwrecked, a night and a day I have spent in the deep.  I have been on frequent journeys, in dangers from rivers, dangers from robbers, dangers from my countrymen, dangers from the Gentiles, dangers in the city, dangers in the wilderness, dangers on the sea, dangers among false brethren; I have been in labor and hardship, through many sleepless nights, in hunger and thirst, often without food, in cold and exposure. Apart from these external things, what is a daily pressure on him as well? vs. 28 Apart from such external things, there is the daily pressure on me of concern for all the churches. How does Paul relate to those who are weak? vs. 29 Who is weak without my being weak? How does Paul relate to those who are led into sin? vs. 29 Who is led into sin without my intense concern? Paul concludes his list with two examples of his anxieties for his churches: concern for the weak and for those who stumble. In 1 Cor 8:1–13 the “weak” are those who do not have knowledge (8:7), have been “accustomed to idols” (8:7), and have weak consciences (8:7, 12) that might lead them to emulate those with knowledge and eat food sacrificed to an idol not as something indifferent but as food offered to an idol. The so-called knowledge of the “knowers” (1 Cor 8:1) could lead the weak back into idolatry and cause the eternal ruin of one for whom Christ died (1 Cor 8:11). Paul will never do anything that might cause the weak to stumble (1 Cor 8:13), and he also will not sit idly by and watch those with knowledge steam roll over the consciences of the weak. In his effort to share the blessings of the gospel with all people, he says, “To the weak I became weak, to win the weak” (1 Cor 9:22). “Though he himself is strong, he is willing to identify with the weak so that their weakness becomes his own.” Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (502). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. If Paul is going to boast, what will he boast about? vs. 30 If I have to boast, I will boast of what pertains to my weakness. What event does he also want them to know about? vs.31-33 In Damascus the ethnarch under Aretas the king was guarding the city of the Damascenes in order to seize me, and I was let down in a basket through a window in the wall, and so escaped his hands. Paul relates it as an example of his weakness. He places the emphasis on the manner of his escape rather than on the seriousness of the threat.  Hiding in a basket is not something that someone with power would do, and the incident occurs at the very beginning of his ministry. It serves as a paradigm, as it were, for what was to come. Bruce interprets this event to be “a humiliating and undignified experience, in which he cut such a ridiculous figure that the mere thought of it killed any tendency to pride.” Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (505). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Think through this lesson. Summarize it. Say a prayer..

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2 Corinthians, Chapter 10

 

2 Corinthians 10 What characteristics of Christ did Paul display with the Corinthians? vs. 1 Meekness and gentleness of Christ. How did Paul appear when he was face to face with someone? vs. 1 Meek when face to face with you. How did Paul come across when he was writing a letter in the absence of them? vs. 1 Bold toward you when absent! What was Paul's request for when he was present with them? vs. 2 I need not be bold with the confidence with which I propose to be courageous against some. What were some people accusing Paul of? vs. 2 Who regard us as if we walked according to the flesh. Some people think that we live by the standards of this world. [TNIV] Paul stated that even though he walks in his natural state, he doesn't war in that way. What is the spiritual warfare that he deals with? vs.3,4 For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war according to the flesh, for the weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh, but divinely powerful for the destruction of fortresses. For though we live in the world, we do not wage war as the world does.  The weapons we fight with are not the weapons of the world. On the contrary, they have divine power to demolish strongholds.  [TNIV] How does Paul destroy speculations and mind games of the enemy that are things against what he knows to be true in Christ? vs. 4,5 We are destroying speculations and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God. Can we take every thought captive to the obedience of Christ? How would we go about doing that? vs. 5 We are taking every thought captive to the obedience of Christ. The word translated “thought” (noēma) is rendered elsewhere as “mind” and “design.” It is connected in this letter to the activities of Satan, either as part of Satan’s designs to outwit us (2:11), or as the object of Satan’s assault. In 3:14 the minds of the Israelites were hardened, necessitating Moses’ veil. In 4:4 Paul says that the minds of unbelievers have been blinded by the God of this world to keep them from seeing the light of gospel of the glory of Christ. In 11:3 he candidly says that Satan has ensnared the Corinthians “thoughts” in the same way he deceived Eve. Satan holds their minds hostage, and Paul is prepared to fight a pitched battle to liberate them.  Their thoughts need to come under the Lordship of Christ and to be liberated from the captivity of Satan. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (437). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. When would Paul correct any disobedience in the believers? vs. 6 We are ready to punish all disobedience, whenever your obedience is complete. From these opening verses of Paul’s defense, we can glean several insights about Paul’s views on how to exercise spiritual leadership. First, we see that his aim is not to destroy people who oppose him but to destroy their specious arguments (10:4)! All too often, people, rather than their wrongheaded opinions, become the object of any attack. The opponents do a hatchet job on the reputations of others and build themselves up to secure their own position of power. Second, Paul, by letter and by personal visit, wants them to acknowledge the truth of his gospel and the basis of his authority so that they will be obedient.  His goal is to make them obedient to God (see 2:9; 7:15; 12:21; and 13:2).  Third, Paul promises in 10:5 that he will punish those who are disobedient when the obedience of the Corinthians is complete, that is, when they get in line again with the gospel. This means that Paul does not wish to exercise his authority independently of the Corinthians but intends to act only in concert with them. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (438 ). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Paul wanted these believers to look at the situation from the spiritual standpoint and not from outward appearances. He said if they were confident of belonging to Christ, they should know the same about them. Although he had been given authority as an apostle of the Lord, what did he know this authority was given for? vs. 8 For even if I boast somewhat further about our authority, which the Lord gave for building you up and not for destroying you. How did Paul's letters come across to some? vs. 9,10 I do not wish to seem as if I would terrify you by my letters.  For they say, “His letters are weighty and strong". How did Paul's outward appearance come across? vs. 10 His personal presence is unimpressive. Was Paul known for great speaking ability? vs. 10 His speech contemptible. His speaking amounts to nothing. [TNIV] “Lest I should seem as it were to frighten you [into obedience] through letters (for this is what one is saying, ‘His letters are weighty and forceful, but in person he is unimpressive and his speaking amounts to nothing’ ) let such a one who thinks this take note that what we say through letters when we are absent we will carry out when we are present.” Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (445). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. In Hellenistic society the practice and expectations of rhetorical eloquence were pervasive. Not only were political leaders expected to speak persuasively and eloquently, but so also those who claimed authority in philosophy and religion. Among such people there was great competition, and success depended upon one’s ability to express the power of the divine in his or her performance—not only through miracles, but also through rhetorical performances. Peterson, Eloquence and the Proclamation of the Gospel in Corinth, 59. He wanted them to know that as strong as he appeared when he "wrote" things; that is how he "conducted himself" when absent from them. Paul did not compare himself to others or commend himself by comparison with others. When people use people as their standard, what does that say about them? vs.11,12 When they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they are without understanding (they are not wise). Self-boasting was considered an act of honor. Savage observes that “an individual’s worth and consequently his respect in the community was dependent on the status he was able to project.” Boasting about one’s status and achievements and comparing oneself favorably against others were routine tactics for those who aimed at gaining a following for themselves. Savage makes the following helpful observations about status in the ancient world: “All people belonged to one of two classes: the honestiores or the humiliores, the high or the low. The former was made up of the nobility—senators, equestrians and, away from Rome itself, the decurions. These were men who, together with their womenfolk, were esteemed for their dignitas and often possessed great power and fortune. The humiliores—plebs, freedmen and slaves—lacked dignitas and were held in no honour by the nobility. Since rank was hereditary, movement from one class to the other was virtually impossible” The nobility comprised one percent of the population; slaves and indigents the bottom third. The middle two thirds were consumed with improving their status which was achieved primarily by attaining wealth. But even wealth did not always confer the honor that so many people craved (see the account of Trimalchio’s dinner in Petronius’ Satyricon). Since attaining wealth was impossible for most people, noble philosophers argued that one could also achieve honor through virtuous living.  But most chose other routes and sought honor from their occupations, neighborhoods, talents, education, religion, or athletic accomplishments. Paul’s Corinthian rivals have chosen religion as the field in which they will compete for the honor and status they so covet. (Savage, Power through Weakness, 20; see further P. Garnsey, Social Status and Legal Privilege in the Roman Empire [Oxford: Clarendon, 1970] 221–280). What was Paul responsible over and able to boast in the Lord regarding? vs. 13 But we will not boast beyond our measure, but within the measure of the sphere which God apportioned to us as a measure, to reach even as far as you. Paul insists that his boasting in his authority over them (10:8 ) is not out of bounds but is based on the work that he has done in Christ in the region that God assigned him. Corinth is God’s field (1 Cor 3:9), and God assigned him to work there as God’s servant. He planted; God gave the growth (1 Cor 3:6). Therefore, Paul appeals to the indisputable fact that he founded the church in Corinth. His rivals could not claim this. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (454). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Who were the first people to reach the Corinthians with the Gospel of the Lord Jesus? vs. 14 For we are not overextending ourselves, as if we did not reach to you, for we were the first to come even as far as you in the gospel of Christ; What follows in 10:14–15a basically repeats what Paul says in 10:13 but takes it a step further by making it more specific. He does not overextend himself because he was the first to come to them with the gospel (10:14). He does not boast beyond measure because he does not boast in the labors of others (10:15a). What he boasts about is work that he did under God’s commission. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (456). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Paul would not boast in another's man work, but what did he hope would happen in regard to the work he had invested in the Corinthian church? vs. 15,16 But with the hope that as your faith grows, we will be, within our sphere, enlarged even more by you, so as to preach the gospel even to the regions beyond you, and not to boast in what has been accomplished in the sphere of another. If any man has any boast, what is it to be? vs. 17 But he who boasts is to boast in the Lord. For the second time in his correspondence with the Corinthians Paul alludes to an adaptation of Jer 9:23–24, “Let him who boasts boast in the Lord” (LXX Jer 9:22–23; see 1 Cor 1:31) This boast in the Lord has nothing to do with Paul’s own pedigree or prowess. It has to do with what the Lord has accomplished through him. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (457). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Are we approved simply because we say we are? Whose approval is the one that matters? vs. 18 For it is not he who commends himself that is approved, but he whom the Lord commends. Have you ever found yourself comparing yourself with another to find the approval of God? Is that the standard you should use? Think on this lesson and make your summary and say a prayer.

2 Corinthians, Chapter 9

 

2 Corinthians 9 Why did Paul feel it was not really necessary to write to the Corinthians about the "ministry to the saints" of Jerusalem? vs.1,2 He knew they were ready. There is no need for me to write to you about this service to the Lord’s people.  For I know your eagerness to help, and I have been boasting about it to the Macedonians, telling them that since last year you in Achaia were ready to give; and your enthusiasm has stirred most of them to action. [TNIV] What did Paul "boast about" to the Macedonians concerning the church at Corinth? vs. 2 That they were eager to help and ready to give. What did the zeal of the Corinthians do for the other churches? vs. 2 It stirred up most of them. Paul sent the brethren ahead of the Corinthians to arrange beforehand the bountiful gift that they had promised to give them. What was Paul concerned might happen with such a large amount of money? vs. 3-5 That it would be ready as a bountiful gift and not affected by covetousness. That it will be ready as a generous gift, not as one grudgingly given. [TNIV] Paul mentions that they had already pledged to make a generous gift. If they renege on their promises, they would be pledge dodgers. The Corinthians would be familiar with such public dishonor, and Paul may be asking them, “Do you want to be known as pledge-dodgers?” The most infamous pledge dodgers are Ananias and Sapphira (Acts 5:1–11). This story, probably unknown to the Corinthians, reveals that such attempts to cheat or to perform less than one promised was not unknown in the church. They should not be motivated to give simply to avoid shame, however. Paul therefore encourages them to be ready so it is indeed a gift of blessing and not greediness. This new term, “gift of blessing,” is related to a thank offering given in response to benefits received. The phrase translated “not as one grudgingly given” (mē hōs pleonexian) does not quite capture Paul’s uneasiness. The word pleonexia means “greediness,” or “covetousness”; and Paul may be suggesting that avarice may cause them to give less than they should. In 2:11 and 7:2, however, the verb form of the word appears with the meaning “outwit” and “exploit”; and the noun may carry this meaning here. It would fit the potential quandary that Paul is so eager to avoid. If they raise the sum they contribute only after Paul and the others arrive, it will seem as if he is exploiting them in some way. Moffatt perhaps translates it best, “not as money wrung out of you.” If it appears that Paul has twisted their arms to get them to give, they will come off as ungrateful, stingy givers. If the money donated to the saints comes as a levy squeezed out of them, it may provide some needed assistance for the poor, but it will undermine the whole intent of the project. This gift is not a tax, nor is it to be a burden that weighs them down with guilt. All too often people give out of a sense of guilt rather than from a glad heart, and Paul does not want the Corinthians to feel that this offering was somehow imposed upon them. Generous giving only comes when it is voluntary and not coerced. Paul uses a new term for the offering in this verse, “blessing” (eulogia). The NIV is not incorrect to render it as “a generous gift” because it refers to the rich bounty that comes from giving a blessing. The idea of blessing, however, should not be obscured. In the Bible an act of blessing calls down the grace of God on others. By sharing their material substance with the saints, they are blessing them spiritually and materially. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (403). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. If we sow sparingly into the kingdom of God, what can we be sure about what we will receive in return? vs. 6 Will also reap sparingly. If we sow bountifully into the kingdom of God, what can we be sure about what we will receive in return? vs. 6 Will also reap bountifully.  The idea that generosity to the poor would meet with overflowing blessing in return was common in Jewish thinking (cp. Prov 11:24–25; Mal 3:10). In recent times this idea has been perverted by unscrupulous ministers to entice people to believe that the more they give the more they we will get in return. They appeal to greed to encourage others to open their pocketbooks, and they give ultimately to get more for themselves. But this verse must be interpreted in terms of what follows. Paul does not pass this principle off as a shrewd investment strategy on how to reap greater material blessings by giving a portion of it to others. If one gives in hopes of attaining greater material prosperity, then one will harvest only spiritual poverty. Paul makes clear in what follows that God rewards generosity with material abundance to make it possible for people to be even more generous. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (405). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. God loves a cheerful giver! What 3 things must we do to make sure our gifts to the Lord are ones that please Him? vs. 7 do just as he has purposed in his heart not grudgingly or under compulsion Paul echoes Scripture to bolster the need to give generously: those who give spontaneously from the heart are especially prized by God. In the Old Testament, giving reluctantly or under compulsion is portrayed as cancelling out any benefit that could be received from the gift while giving with a glad heart promises reward from God: “Give generously to him and do so without a grudging heart; then because of this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in everything you put your hand to” (Deut 15:10). Scripture assumes that what is crucial is the attitude of the one who gives, not the amount. God, who knows and appraises our hearts, values only those gifts that come as a free expression of the deepest part of our souls. Gifts given under some sense of external compulsion will always be halfhearted at best. That is why the amount makes no difference if it is given with a glad heart (8:12). Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (406). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. When we put the kingdom above all else, what does God do to take care of all of our needs? vs.8-9 And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that always having all sufficiency in everything, you may have an abundance for every good deed; as it is written, “He scattered abroad, he gave to the poor, His righteousness endures forever.” God is lavishly generous and abundantly supplies us with everything necessary to have enough for our own needs and to be generous with others. The phrase “all grace” is quite broad in scope, covering the material blessings and the spiritual motivation to share them. Most people become miserly in their giving because they worry that they will not have enough for themselves. Paul assures them that God will supply them with plenty for their needs at all times and uses alliterative repetition to carry his point: “All grace … so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you will abound in every [all] good work.” Reluctance to sow generously, then, reflects a refusal to trust that God is all sufficient and all gracious. It also assumes that we can only give when we are prospering and have something extra that we will not need for ourselves. Paul says that at all times God provides us with all that we need so there is never any time when we cannot be generous. In 9:8 the word “having all you need” translates autarkeia, a word that Greek authors used to mean “self-sufficiency” or “contentment.”  Having enough does not simply mean reducing one’s craving for material goods and becoming independent from everyone. It means reducing what one wants for oneself so that one has enough to share with others and create an interdependence with them. For Paul, having all you need means having enough for every good work. Paul’s point is that “God will provide the means to be generous, that one can sow liberally (which also means freely and cheerfully, v. 7a) in the confidence that God will bestow a liberal harvest.” The more we give, the more we will be given by God to share with others. We may not have all the money that we want, but we will have all the money we need to be abundant in our giving to others. When God gives us our resources, God gives us more than we need, not so that we can have more, but so that we can give more to others. God does not bestow material blessings so that one can hoard them for oneself or withdraw from others but so that they might be shared with others. Paul believes that God bestows both the generosity and the resources for generosity which explains why he lists “liberality” as a spiritual gift (Rom 12:8 ). Paul assumes in this verse that the most valuable thing about money is that we can use it for every good work.  “Every good work” here refers to acts of charity (see 1 Cor 15:58 ) and is little different from what James says about supplying the needs of the brother or sister who is naked and lacks daily food (Jas 2:14–17). Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (407). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. How does this compare with what Jesus said in Matthew 6:33? “But seek first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things will be added to you. Jesus was saying God has built into His Creation the means by which all things are cared for. The birds are fed because they diligently work to maintain their lives. They do not store up great amounts of food, but continually work. And believers are far more valuable to God than birds! Rather than being like the pagans who are concerned about physical needs, the Lord’s disciples should be concerned about the things of God, His kingdom and His righteousness. Then all these needs will be supplied in God’s timing. This is the life of daily faith. Walvoord, J. F., Zuck, R. B., & Dallas Theological Seminary. (1983-c1985). The Bible knowledge commentary : An exposition of the scriptures (2:33). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books. What is forbidden here is worry, not responsible provision for one’s own and one’s family needs; God provides food for the birds, but they still have to search for it! The basis of the disciple’s confidence, in contrast with the anxiety of the pagans, lies in recognizing God as your heavenly Father (32). The proper attitude then is to put God first (33) and to trust him for our practical needs. In today’s world many (some of whom are Christian disciples) do not have all their needs met. This passage offers no answer to the problem, but we need to consider how God’s provision relates to human misuse of what he has provided. Carson, D. A. (1994). New Bible commentary : 21st century edition. Rev. ed. of: The new Bible commentary. 3rd ed. / edited by D. Guthrie, J.A. Motyer. 1970. (4th ed.) (Mt 6:19). Leicester, England; Downers Grove, Ill., USA: Inter-Varsity Press. When we sow into God's kingdom, He multiplies our seed for sowing! Do we realize how fast things grow under the law of multiplication? Think about it. What kind of harvest will God increase in your life? vs. 10,11 Now He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food will supply and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the harvest of your righteousness; you will be enriched in everything for all liberality, which through us is producing thanksgiving to God. What caused Paul to overflow with thanksgiving concerning the Corinthian church? vs.11,12 For the ministry of this service is not only fully supplying the needs of the saints, but is also overflowing through many thanksgivings to God. What would happen to the other believers because of the obedience of the Corinthians in giving this bountiful gift? vs. 13 Because of the proof given by this ministry, they will glorify God for your obedience to your confession of the gospel of Christ and for the liberality of your contribution to them and to all. Because of the service by which you have proved yourselves, people will praise God for the obedience that accompanies your confession of the gospel of Christ, and for your generosity in sharing with them and with everyone else. [TNIV] In return, what would the other believers do for them? vs. 14 while they also, by prayer on your behalf, yearn for you because of the surpassing grace of God in you. Most of all, what can we be thankful to God for? vs. 15 Thanks be to God for His indescribable gift! Thanks be to God for His inexpressible gift!  [ESV] What do you think the gift is? Has God blessed you with His indescribable gift? How are you sowing that into the lives of others? Paul gives thanks here specifically for the “indescribable” (inexpressible) gift. This may refer to a number of things that are all connected together: the gift of salvation, the gift of God’s Son, the gift of God’s grace (8:1, 4, 6, 7, 16, 19; 9:8 ). Most likely it refers to 8:9, “the primary gift of God which has established the whole framework of Christian life and fellowship within which Paul’s preaching and collection alike stand.” These words of thanksgiving conclude Paul’s appeal to the Corinthians to renew their ardor for the undertaking and to fulfill their promise. They reveal that “all Christian giving is carried out in the light of God’s inexpressible gift.” Remembering thankfully Christ’s sacrifice (8:9) and God’s grace, which human words fail to capture fully, should cause them to finish the preparations for their gifts diligently, unselfishly, and cheerfully. Their gift models the kind of inexpressible gift that God has given to them. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (415). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

2 Corinthians, Chapter 8

2 Corinthians 8 What did Paul want to make known to the Corinthians? vs. 1 We wish to make known to you the grace of God which has been given in the churches of Macedonia. How was grace displayed in the churches of Macedonia? vs.1,2 In a great ordeal of affliction their abundance of joy and their deep poverty overflowed in the wealth of their liberality. Now, friends, I want to report on the surprising and generous ways in which God is working in the churches in Macedonia province.  Fierce troubles came down on the people of those churches, pushing them to the very limit. The trial exposed their true colors: They were incredibly happy, though desperately poor. The pressure triggered something totally unexpected: an outpouring of pure and generous gifts.  [MSG] How did the Macedonians give their offering for the saints? vs.3-5 - Name 7 ways they gave by the grace of God. For I testify that: according to their ability, and beyond their ability,  they gave of their own accord,  begging us with much urging  for the favor of participation in the support of the saints,  but they first gave themselves to the Lord  and to us by the will of God. What did Paul charge Titus with concerning the Corinthians? vs. 6 The offering. What did Paul say the Corinthians already abounded in? vs. 7 - Name 5 things they had inspired in them. faith utterance (speech) knowledge earnestness love The Message Bible: you trust God you’re articulate you’re insightful you’re passionate you love us What had Paul urged Titus to complete in the Corinthians? vs.6,7 Paul sent Titus to resume the collection, to finish what he and they started. This verse becomes a delicate admonition for the Corinthians to follow through on their initial commitments. Rather than scold the Corinthians for not having finished, Paul instead praises them for their initial enthusiasm. They remain in the beginning stages, however; and he delegates the responsibility for helping them finish it to Titus. His warm reception by the Corinthians makes him the ideal candidate to fulfill the task. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (372). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. How did Paul use the life of Jesus to encourage the Corinthians in the area of giving this offering? vs. 8,9 For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sake He became poor, so that you through His poverty might become rich. When did the Corinthian church begin to set aside money for this offering? vs. 10 They were the first to begin a year ago not only to do this, but also to desire to do it. Paul admonished the church that it was a great thing that they were ready and desired to give to the saints. He wanted them to finish the commitment they had made with the same motives. As long as their motive of readiness was present, did it matter how much the gift would be? How did they determine what to give? vs.11,12 It is acceptable according to what a person has, not according to what he does not have. In the New Testament the principle “in proportion to what you have” (see also 1 Cor 16:2) replaces the principle of the tithe found in the Old Testament. The tithe only puts the focus on how much one is required to give and allows one to ignore how much is kept for oneself. Some can give far more than the tithe and have more than enough to provide all the necessities of life. Others barely have two mites for their daily needs. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (381). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. How did the system of grace-giving take care of everyone's needs at all time? vs.13-15 At this present time your abundance being a supply for their need, so that their abundance also may become a supply for your need, that there may be equality; as it is written, “He who gathered much did not have too much, and he who gathered little had no lack.” How did Titus feel about collecting the offering from the Corinthians for Paul? vs. 16,17 But thanks be to God who puts the same earnestness on your behalf in the heart of Titus.  For he not only accepted our appeal, but being himself very earnest, he has gone to you of his own accord (initiative). What was Paul's concern about the generous gift that was collected from the church? vs. 19-21 taking precaution so that no one will discredit us in our administration of this generous gift; for we have regard for what is honorable, not only in the sight of the Lord, but also in the sight of men. Money is a sensitive issue and frequently sparks controversy, and Paul reminds them that this fund is a “grace” that is “being ministered” by us for the purpose of bringing glory to the Lord and to show our good will (8:19). Then he explains that he is taking every precaution to be above reproach. By having these well-known representatives from Macedonia accompany Titus, Paul makes it clear that he does not intend for this project to line his own pockets. With someone appointed by other churches and not by Paul, there can be no doubts about his own honesty regarding what will happen to the funds. Paul recognizes that the power of one’s witness corresponds directly to one’s reputation for integrity. He cannot allow the project to become shrouded in malicious rumors that all is not above board.  He therefore takes steps to ensure that there be not the slightest hint of any impropriety. Too often Christians have brought discredit to themselves and to the Christian faith in the eyes of the world by mishandling donations through fraud or by receiving disproportionately high salaries for their “service” in the gospel. Paul is sensitive to any charges that he might be guilty of corruption (see 2:17; 4:2; 7:2; 11:7–12; 12:14–18 ). He therefore bends over backwards to keep everything open and public and to avoid the slightest impression of any self-seeking in all of his ministry (6:3), especially with regard to a collection of a substantial sum of money. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (393). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Titus was Paul's partner and fellow worker among the Corinthians. The other brethren being sent to them were messengers of the churches. How did Paul want them to be treated by the church when they arrived for the gift that had been collected? vs. 24 Show them the proof of your love and of our reason for boasting about you. Paul reemphasizes the appeal in 8:7–15 to fulfill their commitment. They are to show the proof of their love to these men and to the churches. This exhortation intimates that the proof of their love is not shown by simply receiving these emissaries with open arms but by contributing liberally to help the saints. God does not say, “If you love me, then prove it by doing this or giving this.” Paul understands, however, that the Corinthians’ generosity is proof that God’s grace is at work in them. Genuine beneficence is not something that one can fake or produce on demand, because it will always be begrudged. It ensues naturally from experiencing God’s grace. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (396). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. How do you feel about offerings taken for the needy in your congregations? Do you realize that you are never obligated to give what you don't have, but to give according to your own ability? Think about this lesson. How will your attitude of offerings be from what you have learned? Give your summary thoughts and prayer.

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2 Corinthians, Chapter 7

2 Corinthians 7 What does Paul tell the Corinthians to do in light of all the promises of God? vs. 1 Let us cleanse ourselves from all defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God. Let us purify ourselves from everything that contaminates body and spirit, perfecting holiness out of reverence for God. [TNIV] Paul wanted the Corinthians to open their hearts to him. What 3 things did he say he had not been guilty of concerning his ministry to them? vs.2 we wronged no one we corrupted no one we took advantage of no one What did Paul say in regard to his affection for the believers there? vs.3,4 - (name 5 things) You are in our hearts to die together and to live together Great is my confidence in you; great is my boasting on your behalf. I am filled with comfort; I am overflowing with joy in all our affliction. What was Paul overflowing in joy through? vs. 4 Have you ever had a time of affliction that you still experienced joy through? Would you like to share that with us? In the opening of the letter to the Corinthians, Paul expressed worry that he had grieved them (2:2; see 7:8–9). Paul treads carefully around the touchy subject of his severe letter in which, he confesses, he may have been too blunt. He gently assures them that he never intended to cause them grief (7:4) but is glad that the grief that the letter generated turned out to be a godly grief (7:8–9). The Corinthians deeply pained him when they withdrew their affection from him, and he was just as deeply overjoyed by signs that they had rekindled their love for him. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (347). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Paul has been waiting anxiously for news of the Corinthians. He sent Titus to them with a ‘severe letter’, and has been worried about their reaction. Now Titus has returned with wonderful news. The Corinthians have accepted Paul’s reproach and put right what was wrong. Paul is delighted — not because he made the Corinthians sad, but because their sadness resulted in repentance, forgiveness and a clear conscience. Knowles, A. (2001). The Bible guide. Includes index. (1st Augsburg books ed.) (599). Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg. Paul explains when they were in Macedonia, their flesh was given no rest. What did he deal with there? vs. 5 How does it help you to see that Paul had fear? Had you thought of him in this way before this study? We were afflicted on every side: conflicts without, fears within. “It probably seemed to Paul that from the human point of view his whole future as apostle to the Gentiles was related to the Corinthians’ reaction to his assertion of authority in the letter delivered by Titus. And now the nonarrival of Titus tended to confirm his worst fears.” He may also have been worried about the safety of Titus—particularly when the traveler faced danger from rivers, bandits, false brothers, and danger in the city, in the country, and at sea (11:26). Just as his spirit had no relief in Troas (2:13), his body had no rest in Macedonia—until Titus showed up with good news. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (351). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Paul was depressed. How did God comfort him? vs. 6 Has the Lord used a person in your life at times of depression? Would you like to share it with us? God comforted him by the arrival of Titus. What did Titus report to Paul concerning the church at Corinth? vs. 7 Their longing, their mourning, their zeal for Paul. The Corinthians were longing to see Paul (epipothēsis, cf. 1 Thess 3:6), apparently regretting his departure and failure to return. The word may connote a tender affection, an attachment to Paul that is mixed with a nuance of anxiety or pain (see 9:14; Phil 1:8 ). If they long to see Paul again, it means that they are prepared for his return, something that he will bring up repeatedly in what follows (9:4; 10:2, 6; 12:14, 20, 21; 13:1, 2, 10). Their yearning therefore bodes well that his next visit will not be another painful one. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (352). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. It was a comfort to see Titus again (see Acts 28:15), but an even greater comfort to hear the good news that Paul’s stern letter had brought results. Verse 7 lists the results: they had an earnest desire to see Paul again; they had mourned over their sin;  they had rekindled their love for Paul;  they had repented and dealt with the offender (v. 8 ) Wiersbe, W. W. (1997, c1992). Wiersbe's expository outlines on the New Testament (494). Wheaton, Ill.: Victor Books. How did Paul receive the report given? vs.7 Paul had sent a letter to the Corinthian church through Titus. Most likely, this would be the content we have in I Corinthians. The letter had caused sorrow for some because as you will all remember, immorality and many other things were discussed in I Corinthians. Paul is rejoicing at the report that they had been made sorrowful only because the sorrow had led them to repentance. (vs.8,9) Titus brought good news that multiplied the joy Paul felt when he finally arrived.  Five things evoked Paul’s joy: Titus’s safe arrival; the comforting news about their longing for Paul, their mourning over the unpleasant incident, and their zeal to reform;  the Corinthians’ repentance caused by their godly sorrow;  Titus’s joy over the situation; and  the confirmation of his boast about them. His expression of joy confirms that the bond between them has not been irretrievably broken as he had feared. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (353). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. What does godly sorrow produce in us? vs. 10 Godly sorrow produces a repentance without regret, leading to salvation. What does the sorrow of the world produce? vs. 10 Worldly sorrow is to be sorry for the consequences, but godly sorrow is to be realize we have hurt the heart of God. Read Psalm 51. Who did David acknowledge sinning against in his prayer of repentance? (vs.4).. What had happened to his own heart in his sorrow and repentance? (vs.17) The sorrow of the world produces death. Worldly grief is caused by the loss or denial of something we want for ourselves. It is self-centered. It laments such worldly things as failing to receive the recognition one thinks one deserves, not having as much money as one wants, not getting something one covets. The selfishness of worldly grief gives rise only to despair, bitterness, and paralysis. It causes our souls to drown in self pity or turns the sorrow into a cankerous sore. Many lead lives filled with regrets like Esau’s when he sold his birthright (see Heb 12:17). Judas was overcome with grief by his betrayal of his master, but it led to despair and the desperate act of taking his own life, not to repentance. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (355). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. What were the results of the godly sorrow of the Corinthian believers? Name 8 things given in vs.11 what earnestness what vindication of yourselves, what indignation, what fear, what longing, what zeal, what avenging of wrong! In everything you demonstrated yourselves to be innocent in the matter Paul said that the purpose of the letter was not for the offender or the one offended, but to show the church their earnestness toward them, and this brought Paul much comfort. What gave Paul even more reason to rejoice? vs. 12,13 For this reason we have been comforted. And besides our comfort, we rejoiced even much more for the joy of Titus, because his spirit has been refreshed by you all. What caused Titus to have his affections stirred all the more as he remembered being with the church at Corinth? vs.14,15 His affection abounds all the more toward you, as he remembers the obedience of you all, how you received him with fear and trembling. Finally, what did Paul rejoice in? vs. 16 I rejoice that in everything I have confidence in you. Summarize what you have learned today and post a prayer.

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2 Corinthians, Chapter 6

 

2 Corinthians 6 Paul has just told the Corinthians in 5:20,21 that he begs that they be reconciled to God through Christ; that Christ was made to be sin on their behalf so that they could be made righteous in Him. Now, what does he urge them "not" to do with this information? vs.1 Not to receive the grace of God in vain. When is the acceptable time to be saved? vs. 2 NOW! Paul does not want their ministry to them to be discredited in any way. He tries to live in such a way that he is an example of God's love and care for them. List below the many things they had endured for the sake of the Lord as servants of God on their behalf. vs.4-10 - *I made a list of 27 things - how many do you find? Make a List below: NINE TRIALS: in afflictions in hardships in distresses in beatings in imprisonments in riots in labours in sleeplessness in hunger NINE INNER QUALITIES: in purity in knowledge in patience in kindness in the Holy Spirit in genuine love in the word of truth in the power of God by the weapons of righteousness NINE PAIRS OF PARADOXES: by glory and dishonour by evil report and good report regarded as deceivers and yet true as unknown yet well-known as dying yet behold, we live as punished yet not put to death as sorrowful yet always rejoicing as poor yet making many rich as having nothing yet possessing all things How was Paul able to endure these things and show them genuine love? vs.6,7 In the word of truth, in the power of God; by the weapons of righteousness for the right hand and the left. The final quality in the list is “in the power of God” (see 4:7, “the all-surpassing power is from God”; and Rom 1:16; 15:19; 1 Cor 1:18; 2:4–5; 1 Thess 1:5). Paul does not operate in his own strength but in the power of God, which brings salvation. He explains this more fully in 1 Cor 2:4–5: “My message and my preaching were not with wise and persuasive words, but with a demonstration of the Spirit’s power, so that your faith might not rest on men’s wisdom, but on God’s power.” Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (310). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. What do you think "weapons of righteousness" are? How do you think this compares to Ephesians 6:10-18? Paul has just referred to the power of God, and the righteousness of God is far more potent as a weapon than human moral qualities (see Rom 1:16–17; see Rom 13:12, “armor of light” ). The military image (see also 10:4; Rom 13:12; Eph 6:11–17; 1 Thess 5:8 ) means that Paul does not go out into the world unprotected and dodging Satan’s shafts as best he can. He is armed by God. Why does he say weapons for the left and right? It may be a way of saying that he is fully outfitted or that he has weapons “applicable to every situation.” Interpreters have often noted that in combat, the right hand is used for offense (sword, spear, lance) and the left hand for defense (shield). The GNB paraphrases it, “We have righteousness for our weapon, both to attack and to defend ourselves. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (310). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Read 2 Corin. 6:10 again. Can we rejoice while we are sorrowful? Can we make others rich when we are poor? How can we possess all things and yet have nothing? Share your thoughts about how these things can be true. Because of his trust in God Paul was always rejoicing (cf. Acts 16:23-25; Phil. 4:4). Being poor and bereft of even basic material necessities (cf. 1 Cor. 4:11), Paul could nonetheless dispense spiritual values, making many rich (cf. Eph. 3:8 ). Though materially he had nothing, yet he was possessing everything by way of spiritual blessings (1 Cor. 3:21-23; Eph. 1:3). Walvoord, J. F., Zuck, R. B., & Dallas Theological Seminary. (1983-c1985). The Bible knowledge commentary : An exposition of the scriptures (2:570). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books. Paul had shared his life and his heart openly with the Corinthian church. He wanted them to open wide to them and receive their message as well. (vs.11-13). What was Paul's earnest plea with them and why was it so important to him that they understand? vs.14-16. Do not be bound together with unbelievers; For we are the temple of the living God; just as God said, “I will dwell in them and walk among them; And I will be their God, and they shall be My people. “Do not be yoked together with unbelievers.” It literally means “other yoked” and is perhaps best translated “unequally yoked.” In Lev 19:19 (LXX) the adjectival form occurs in the prohibition of mating different species of cattle, which explains the translation choice “mismated” in the RSV. It could be related to the prohibition of entering into “the partnership of marriage with a member of a foreign nation.” But in the context here, the image cannot be limited to marriage (see 1 Cor 7:39) and must include broader associations. 1 Cor 7:39 A wife is bound as long as her husband lives; but if her husband is dead, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord. Barrett paraphrases it well, “You must not get into double harness with unbelievers” (“harness yourselves in an uneven team,” NJB). Paul has in mind an alliance with spiritual opposites, and the image of harnessing oneself to someone who is spiritually incompatible evokes images of spiritual disaster. Those who bear Christ’s yoke (Matt 11:30) cannot share it with others who deny Christ. Those who harness themselves together with unbelievers will soon find themselves plowing Satan’s fields. One can only be a true yokefellow (Phil 4:3) with a fellow Christian. For Paul it is an either/or situation. Fellowship with God excludes all other fellowships—particularly those associated with idolatry. The Corinthian Christians were surrounded by pagan values and practices. Just because they have been sealed by the Spirit does not mean that they can be careless about their relationships and associations with the world. Paul’s clarification in 1 Cor 5:9–10 makes it clear, however, that he is not asking them to shun pagans altogether. He assumes that they will shop in the market (1 Cor 10:25) and encourages them to go to dinner at a pagan’s home if they are invited and disposed to go (1 Cor 10:26). But he does want to form their spiritual identity so that they are distinguished from the pagan society surrounding them and will realign their values accordingly. Christians hold values dear that others reject. They must not allow themselves to be hitched to the same yoke as those whose beliefs are hostile to Christian faith. Therefore, Paul pleads with them to withdraw from these unholy alliances. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (330). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Do you believe this would be only in the case of marriage or can you think of other ways that we are "bound" or "yoked" with unbelievers if we are not careful? The context suggests that Paul directs his admonition to something definite, and several proposals have been made. He could refer to taking grievances before pagan courts (1 Cor 6:1–11), visiting temple prostitutes (1 Cor 6:12–20), entering mixed marriages (1 Cor 7:39) with their dangerous association with idolatry (see Deut 7:3–4; Exod 34:16; Josh 23:6–13)—though Paul is clearly against ending such marriages unnecessarily (1 Cor 7:12–15). The most likely reference, however, is to eating meat offered to idols at pagan temples and in the homes of pagan associates. Paul associates this practice with idolatry even if the Christian eating this food has no intention of bowing down to serve idols. Webb allows that the admonition might cover “a number of cases not explicitly mentioned within the Corinthian correspondence: maintaining membership in a pagan cult, attending ceremonies in pagan temples (related to trade guilds, or to birth, death, and marriage, or the Isthmian games), employment by pagan temples, pagan worship in the home, etc.”  He thinks the most probable options are visiting temple prostitutes and joining in pagan temple feasts. Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (330). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publisher. We know this does not mean not to have relationships with the lost in the world; that is how we can share with them by being their friend, listening to them, praying for them, etc. Read 1 Corinthians 5:9-11. What was Paul clear about in these verses? Not to associate with any so-called brother if he is an immoral person, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or a swindler—not even to eat with such a one. What is the difference in associating with the unbelievers and being "bound" to the unbelievers? How would you explain it? It is a basic principle of life that opposites cannot fellowship together. The “unequal yoke” takes us back to Moses’ admonition in Lev. 19:19. These Corinthians were yoking themselves with unbelievers in marriage, business life, and other ways, and were losing their testimonies for Christ. After all, if Christians live like the world, how can they witness to the world? There must be separation from sin. This does not mean isolation, retreating from the world; it does mean keeping ourselves from the defilement of the world. It is fine for the ship to be in the water, but when water gets into the ship, look out! Paul cites Lev. 26:11–12 to show that God lives and walks in the believer, so that his relationship to the world affects his fellowship with God. Wiersbe, W. W. (1997, c1992). Wiersbe's expository outlines on the New Testament (492). Wheaton, Ill.: Victor Books. God wants to be a father to us and welcome us into His family, but what does He require that we separate from? 2 Corin. 6:17,18 “Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate,” says the Lord. “And do not touch what is unclean." 6:17. Enjoying God’s presence requires personal holiness. Paul cited a portion of Isaiah 52:11 and Ezekiel 20:41, passages that speak of Israel’s redemption. God’s people are redeemed from pagan bondage (come out from them and be separate) in order to be clean before God (touch no unclean thing) and thus enjoy fellowship with Him (I will receive you). Walvoord, J. F., Zuck, R. B., & Dallas Theological Seminary. (1983-c1985). The Bible knowledge commentary : An exposition of the scriptures (2:571). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books. “Come out from them and be separate” is clarified as referring to immoral Christians and not the immoral of this world (1 Cor 5:9–11). Garland, D. E. (2001, c1999). Vol. 29: 2 Corinthians (electronic ed.). Logos Library System; The New American Commentary (317). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers. Think through the lesson today. What is your summary notes and your prayer today? Extra Notes ‘Open wide your hearts’(6:3–13) Paul begs the Corinthians to receive his message — and to open their hearts to him. Paul tries to make it easy for them. He doesn’t lie to them, bully them or charge them money. Nor does he want them to be put off by his sufferings — the beatings and imprisonments by magistrates, the hardships of his travels or the criticisms from other people. Everything is explained by the fact that he is living for God in a hostile world. If the Corinthians note Paul’s troubles, they should also notice his character. He is pure, perceptive, patient and kind. The spirit in him is holy, his love is genuine and his words are true. He fights his battles by the power of God, whether attacking (with the right hand) or defending (with the left). Paul’s life is one of ironies and contrasts. The world may despise and shame him, but God honours him and gives him glory. He endures what people say about him, whether it is bad or good, true or false. He is well known, but dismissed as insignificant. He is at death’s door, yet very much alive. He has much grief, but his joy keeps breaking out. He is poor, but his ministry offers lasting treasure. He has nothing, but everything in heaven and on earth belongs to him, because he belongs to Christ. Knowles, A. (2001). The Bible guide. Includes index. (1st Augsburg books ed.) (598 ). Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg.